Difference between revisions of "Electricity"

Revision as of 18:44, 27 August 2016

Electricity is a system and resource in Space Engineers that is used to power most devices. It is created using a large or small reactor, or by using a Solar Panel. It can be stored in a Battery. Any device that has a direct block connection to a reactor will be powered by a reactor; that is, if a reactor is on a ship, all devices attached to that ship should receive power granted there is enough power to receive. Electricity can pass through rotor blocks, pistons, and locked connectors (incl. small-to-large connections), but not landing gear. Most blocks have off switches if you want to save electricity temporarily.

Electricity fundamentals & Terminology

In Space Engineers, electricity is based around several concepts. When referring to consumption or demand, a Watt of energy demand will consume 1 watt over 1 second. Watts come in various unit conversions from kW to MW, as seen in the table. When referring to energy stored or energy needed over time, a Watt-hour (Wh) is typically used to represent this amount over an hour (3600 seconds). This is typically used to refer to stored energy in a charged battery or to fuel like uranium ingots. Reactors are the main source of reliable electricity, and they require Uranium Ingots as fuel.

1 kg of uranium ingots converts to 1 MWh of power, that is a reactor that needs to supply 1 MW per second to ship or station will consume 1 kg of uranium in 1 hour. If the reactor needs to supply 2 MW per second, it will consume 1 kg of uranium in half the time and so on. For example, a large block Small Reactor generating electricity at maximum capacity 15 MW to supply a large ship's total electrical needs (such as refineries, thrusters at full capacity, etc), will consume 1 kg of uranium in 4 minutes, while a large block Large Reactor will consume 1 kg of uranium ingots in as little as 12 seconds at it's full output of 300 MW per second. Consumption of Uranium is solely decided by your current energy demand. There is no difference in efficiency between large and small reactors per uranium ingot, so a large reactor doesn't use uranium or extract any more energy out of a uranium ingot than any small one would. It also makes no difference how many reactors you have online, reactors that are not needed will not draw any unnecessary power or use any uranium within them until required.

A Battery is special it doesn't generate electricity it merely stores it for later use, its wise to combine renewable electrical generation from solar panels with batteries and never use reactors as the battery is only 80% efficient. This efficiency penalty means that a Battery needs 20% more power (Wh) for the energy it will store and return. That is while it will draw 12 MW per second and store 3.00 MWh (for large batteries), the battery will actually end up demanding/using 3.6 MWh from electrical sources - 600 kWh will be wasted. A Large Ship battery continuously at full output 12 MW, at maximum charge 3.00 MWh will be completely depleted in 15 Minutes.

Power System Priorities

In the event of power failure or a power deficit, the grid will also prioritize what receives power.

In Space Engineers, electricity sources are ranked in order of which of them will be used first to fulfill electrical demand as a sort of automatic intelligent power management sub-system. The purpose of this is to utilise power sources intelligently, for example if there is both a Solar Panel and a Large Reactor available to use; Instead of equally disturbing a load across them. The grid will attempt to utilise all of the output of a solar panel, before using the reactor and use the reactor to make up any difference that the solar panel cannot handle. Thereby saving Uranium, instead of needlessly letting solar power going to waste.

In addition to this the electrical system will also prioritize certain sub-systems over others in the event of a power deficit, that is not enough output available to meet demand. Most of the lower ranked ones such as Batteries, Thrust and Charging are Adaptable meaning they automatically handle reduced input but function with lesser effect for thrusters this means they still provide thrust but not as much as they could at full power, while batteries simply take longer to recharge. Certain systems are not adaptable meaning they either receive power or don't resulting in blocks shutting off.

Power Sources in order of Priority:

1. Solar Panel
2. Battery
3. Large Reactor / Small Reactor

Power Consumers in order of Priority

1. Defense - Interior Turret, Missile Turret, etc
2. Conveyors - Conveyor, Conveyor Tube, blocks that make up the Conveyor Network, etc
3. Factory - Refinery, Assembler, Oxygen Generator, Air Vent, Oxygen Tank, etc
4. Doors - Door, Airtight Hangar Door, etc
5. Utility - Communications, Lights, Rotor, Piston, Medical Room, Gravity Generator, the vast majority of electronics, etc
6. Charging - Jump drive, specifically players inside cockpits or passenger chairs, recharging their suits.
7. Gyro - All Gyroscopes
8. Thrust - Standard Thrusters, but not hydrogen based thrusters.
9. Batteries - Any Batteries attempting to charge themselves.

Energy sources

Maximum output for Electricity Sources:

Energy Source		Block size	Dimensions [size in m3]	Maximum Output [kW]	Mass [kg]	Mass Efficiency [kW/kg]	Energy Density [kW/m3]
	Large Reactor	Large	3x3x3 [421.875 m3]	300 000	73795	4.065	711.11
		Small	3x3x3 [3.375 m3]	14 750	4793	3.781	4370.37
	Small Reactor	Large	1x1x1 [15.625 m3]	15 000	3901	3.130	960
		Small	1x1x1 [0.125m3]	500	278	1.799	4000
	Solar Panel	Large	2x4x1 [125 m3]	120*	441.4	0.272	0.96
		Small	5x10x1 [6.25m3]	30*	159.2	0.188	4.8
	Battery	Large	1x1x1 [15.625 m3]	12 000	4845	2.477	768
		Small	3x2x3 [2.25m3]	4 320	1040.4	4.152	1920

(*) Solar Panels have a maximum output depending on their angle to the sun and the amount of actually lit surface. Given values are the maximum achievable output with perfect conditions, therefore efficiency and output may vary.

Large Reactor vs Small Reactor

Comparing them directly, the small reactors provide far more energy for the space they take up; Needing only 20 Small Reactors to equal the output of a Large Reactor with only Two-Thirds of the space used. Despite this the large reactor offers greater economies of scale, require less Conveyor complexity and in general more useful in a variety of important applications especially as Powerplants for Large Ships being both lighter and requiring less resources. Making Large Reactors ideal for ships that can take advantage of their lessened mass and accelerate or decelerate more easily and therefore use less Uranium Ingots. Small Reactors are therefore ideal for stations that do not need to move, situations where physical space is precious or relatively light power needs that would not require a larger more expensive reactor. For example, a large reactor only needs 40 Metal Grids while a small reactor needs 4 Metal Grids at approximately 10 Small Reactors (150 MW) you would start to see economy of scale benefits clearly when using the large reactor. Between them however, they use Uranium Ingots equally as efficiently neither one will manage to extract more energy than they would otherwise have to.

Power Usage

Thruster

For power information relating to thrusters, see Thruster Mechanics.

Production (Individual Usage)

Machine		Idle [KW]	Operational [KW]
	Projector	0.100	0.198
	Arc Furnace	1.00	330.000
	Assembler	1.00	560.000
	Refinery	1.00	560.000
	Oxygen Generator	1.00	330.000
	Oxygen Farm	0.00	1.00

Weaponry and tools

Device		Small Ship [KW]	Large Ship [KW]
	Drill	2	2
	Welder	2	2
	Grinder	2	2
	Gatling Turret	2	2
	Missile Turret	2	2
	Interior Turret	N/A	2
	Reloadable Rocket Launcher	0.2	N/A
	Gatling Gun	0.2	N/A

Communication

Device		Small Ship [KW]	Large Ship [KW]
	Beacon	0 - 10	0 - 10
	Antenna	0 - 20	0 - 200
	Laser Antenna	181**	577**

(**) The maximum power usage of laser antenna include both beaming and rotating at once. Beaming alone would be 180 for Small and 576 For large.

Other device power usages

Device		Small Ship [KW]	Large Ship [KW]
	Gravity Generator	N/A	0 - 567.13***
	Spherical Gravity Generator	N/A	0 - 44800***
	Artificial Mass	25	600
	Interior Light	N/A	0.06
	Spotlight	0.200	1
	Medical Room	N/A	2
	Jump drive	N/A	32'000****
	Door	N/A	0.031
	Sliding Door	N/A	0.01 - 1
	Gyroscope	0.001	0.03
	Ore Detector	2	2
	LCD Panel	0.1	0.1
	Wide LCD Panel	0.2	0.2
	Text Panel	0.02	0.06
	Button Panel	0.1	0.1
	Rotor	0.2	2
	Advanced Rotor	0.2	2
	Piston Base	0.2	2
	Collector	2	2
	Connector	0.05	5
	Camera	0.03	0.03
	Sensor	0 - 30	0 - 30
	Remote Control	10	10
	Programmable Block	0.5	0.5
	Sound Block	0.2	0.2
	Conveyor	0.04	0.04
	Conveyor Sorter	0.1	0.25
	Cryo Chamber	N/A	0.03
	Oxygen Tank	0.001 - 1	0.001 - 1
	Hydrogen Tank	0.001 - 1	0.001 - 1

(***) The power cost of Gravity Generator is directly proportional to the field size and acceleration (absolute value, so 1G consumes the same as -1G). (****) Only when charging it's internal battery.