Difference between revisions of "Thruster/zh"

Revision as of 11:29, 19 August 2021

推进器是所有飞船或者是没有空间锚的空间站移动的主要方式。推进器可以提供飞船一个线性的推力而不会因为所处飞船位置的不同而产生力矩、扭转和旋转（陀螺仪）。只要推进器被连接至了一个整体（而不是异整体或者通过起落架而连接整体），他们都会从整体的质量中心提供推力，因此推进器的摆放位置还是稍有讲究的。游戏中有两种常尺度推进器： 标准推进器，一种使用电力 的离子推进器；氢推，一种使用氢气作为燃料，更为强劲但使用局限也较大的推进器。 在Update 01.105前，推进器有两个模式：常尺度推进和惯性抑制。常尺度推进用于鼠标和键盘操作的人工航行和控制速度（thrust override slider），惯性抑制则会自动额外消耗50%的电力以提供10倍的惯性抑制力。推进器在惯性抑制打开并且飞船仍在凭借惯性前行的情况下会发挥作用并逐渐使船停下。因此在此次更新前，让船停下会比让船加速更为容易。

Before Update 01.107, all Small Ship thrusters would receive a 5x boost to thrust when under the automatic control of inertial dampeners (not the player or 'thrust override') attempting to stop the ship, for no increase in both power usage or fuel usage.

Currently all kinds of thrusters (whether small or large ship) do not have any special super-dampening capabilities beyond their rated maximum thrust and power consumption.

推进器

推进装置		方块尺寸		体积 立方米（m³）	最大推力 千牛（kN）	质量 千克（kg）	最大功耗 千瓦（kW） 升/秒（L/s）	推力质量比 千牛/千克（kN/kg）	推力大小 千牛/方（kN/m³）	燃料推力 千牛/千瓦（kN/kW） 千牛/小时（kN/H）	能源消耗量 亨利/秒（H/s 千克铀/秒（Kg of U/s）
	Large Thruster 大型离子推进器	大型块	3x4x2	375.000	3600	43200	33600	0.0833	9.6	0.1071	0.0093 kg
		小型块	3x4x2	3.000	144	721	2400	0.1997	48	0.060	0.00067 kg
	Small Thruster 小型离子推进器	大型块	1x2x1	31.250	288	4384	3360	0.0657	9.216	0.0857	0.00093 kg
		小型块	1x2x1	0.250	12	93	201	0.1290	48	0.0597	0.000056 kg
	Large Hydrogen Thruster 大型氢气推进器	大型块	3x3x3	421.875	6000	6940	4820	0.8646	14.222	0.9336	6,426.7 H
		小型块	3x3x3	3.375	400	1222	368	0.3273	118.5185	0.778	514.1 H
	Small Hydrogen Thruster 小型氢气推进器	大型块	1x1x1	15.625	900	1420	803	0.6338	57.6	0.8238	1,092.5 H
		小型块	1x1x1	0.125	82	334	80	0.2455	656	0.7505	109.2 H
	Large Atmospheric Thruster 大型空气推进器	大型块	3x3x5	703.125	5400	33834	16360	0.1596	7.68	0.3301	0.00454 kg
		小型块	3x3x5	5.625	408	4244	2400	0.0961	72.53	0.1700	0.00067 kg
	Small Atmospheric Thruster 小型空气推进器	大型块	1x1x3	46.875	420	4072	2360	0.1031	8.96	0.1780	0.000656 kg
		小型块	1x1x3	0.375	80	539	701	0.1484	213.33	0.1141	0.000195 kg

离子推进器

• 离子推进器使用电力作为能源产生推力。
• 离子推进器的功率消耗与其运行效率的百分比成线性关系，有效性与大气密度成反比，在行星大气外的任何地方的实际效率至少在30%到100%之间，大气密度越高效率越低。
• 即使启动了推进器而不使用，每个推进器仍至少要消耗0.002千瓦（2瓦）电力

空气推进器

• 空气推进器使用电力作为能源产生推力
• 空气推进器的功率消耗与其运行效率的百分比成线性关系，有效性与大气密度成正相关，并且只能于大气中运作。通常情况下几乎不会达到其最大额定效率，只能在90%左右。
• 即使启动了推进器而不使用，每个推进器仍至少要消耗0.002千瓦（2瓦）电力

氢气推进器

• 氢气推进器不消耗电力，仅使用氢来运作。但是相关的氢气制造、存储、输送设备仍然要消耗电力。
• 氢气推进器的运行效率完全不受大气影响。
• 所有的氢气动力推进器都需要使用输送机或输送管连接至氢气来源输送氢气（例如氢气/氧气制造机或氢气罐）。
• 即使启动了推进器而不使用，每个推进器仍至少要消耗少量氢。

常规重力下的有效性

To get an idea how many thrusters are needed to make a ship hover in the air while under the influence of natural gravity,
the following calculation should help:

 Lift [kg] = engine force [N] * effectivity [unitless] / acceleration due to gravity [m/s²]

Example: 1 large small ship thruster has a force magnitude of 408,000 N at sea level. (Here an effectiveness of 90% is assumed.)
So on an earth-like planet on sea level it can lift:

 L = (408,000 N * 0.9) / 9.81 m/s² = 37,431 [kg]

Where 9.81 m/s² = 1.0 g on Earth.
Or to just check if it will fly with 4 thrusters and a mass of 120,000 kg:

 F = (4 * 408,000 N * 0.9)
 m = 120,000 kg
 a[min] = 9.81 m/s²
 a[curr] = (4 * 408,000 * 0.9) / 120,000 kg = 12.24 m/s² > 9.81 m/s² ===> will fly!

So if the ships downward thrusters total lift is greater than the ships mass,
the ship will be able to hover and fly.

This value decreases linearly with the decreasing air density in greater heights. The air density is different for each planet type. As is the natural gravity constant.

Online calculator

Online calculator to calculate the thrust at planets and moons.

Note

One should also keep in mind, that depending on the ships orientation during maneuvering, not all downward thrusters will actually contribute 100% to the ships lift.
If the thrusters are angled away from the the planets center of gravity, their effective lift value will decrease accordingly. A thruster angled at 45 degree will only contribute 70.71067812% (cos45x100%) of its total force for lift. If not taken into account, this can make a ship plummet to the ground when not maneuvering it carefully
due to insufficient lateral thruster force when rolling the aircraft too much for example. So this should be calculated or tested before actually finishing a ship design to prevent a bad surprise.

Note2

The "x5" / "x10" inventory setting will also have an effect on the calculation.
The game will divide the cargo mass by the set inventory multiplier when calculating thruster lift.
So a cargo mass of 100,000 kg will only count as 10,000 kg if "x10" inventory multiplier is set.
This means, a ship with atmospheric thrusters can potentially lift 10 times more cargo mass with the same thrust than it normally could, if a "x10" inventory multiplier is set.
However, the right HUD panel when inside of a ship doesn't correct the cargo mass to reflect the mass taken into account for lift.
So that means, when having a ship with net mass of 100,000 kg and transporting 100,000 kg of cargo with a 10x inventory multiplier,
the panel will show 200,000 kg of mass while in reality it will take only 110,000 kg (ship mass + cargo/10) of mass into account for calculation of lift ability.

推进器伤害

If 'Thruster Damage' is enabled for a map or server, thrusters will deal damage while active to any blocks directly behind within a certain distance with exception to small thrusters damaging large ship blocks, making it possible to build 'landing pads'. If this occurs, blocks adjacent to the block/s in "the line of fire" will also be damaged in a cross-pattern. If the block is too close to the thruster, this can even damage the thruster, causing it to explode. The "danger zone" varies in size based on the thrust being applied by the thruster. Large thrusters deal damage further than small thrusters. Likewise, thrusters on large ships deal damage further than those on small ships.

This table (and the images below it) indicate the damage distances for small and large thrusters and ships. They apply only to blocks directly behind the thruster, and do not account for damage to adjacent blocks.

All thrusters from standard thrusters, hydrogen and Atmospheric deal thruster damage to varying degrees if enabled, generally the more powerful the thruster the larger the danger zone becomes.

• sb = small-ship blocks (0.5m each)
• lb = large-ship blocks (2.5m each)

• 

  Small Ship, Small Thruster

• 

  Small Ship, Large Thruster

• 

  Large Ship, Small Thruster

• 

  Large Ship, Large Thruster

惯性缓冲