Ores
From Space Engineers Wiki
Forum member Kane uncovered the following list of materials/ores[1] hidden in the Alpha game files. It is uncertain whether or not these will be in future versions of Space Engineers, but with the inclusion of mining aperatuses such as the refinery, it seems very likely.
In game, player can see colorful ore deposits on asteroids, but only some of them are currently mine-able (Update 01.008.004).